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Contents
1 Introduction 13
1.1 Again with the “Pragmatic”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Consider the Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3 Everyone Is Talking About This Stuff . . . . . . . . . 18
1.4 Where We’re Going . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.5 Grateful Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2 Journey from Novice to Expert 25
2.1 Novices vs. Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 The Five Dreyfus Model Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3 Dreyfus at Work: Herding Racehorses and Racing
Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.4 Using the Dreyfus Model Effectively . . . . . . . . . 43
2.5 Beware the Tool Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.6 Consider the Context, Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.7 Day-to-Day Dreyfus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3 This Is Your Brain 57
3.1 Your Dual-CPU Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.2 Capture Insight 24x7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.3 Linear and Rich Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.4 Rise of the R-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.5 R-mode Sees Forest; L-mode Sees Trees . . . . . . . 80
3.6 DIY Brain Surgery and Neuroplasticity . . . . . . . . 82
3.7 How Do You Get There? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4 Get in Your Right Mind 85
4.1 Turn Up the Sensory Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.2 Draw on the Right Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.3 Engage an R-mode to L-mode Flow . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.4 Harvest R-mode Cues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.5 Harvesting Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.6 Get It Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Prepared exclusively for Edwin Chen
CONTENTS 11
5 Debug Your Mind 124
5.1 Meet Your Cognitive Biases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
5.2 Recognize Your Generational Affinity . . . . . . . . . 134
5.3 Codifying Your Personality Tendencies . . . . . . . . 144
5.4 Exposing Hardware Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5.5 Now I Don’t Know What to Think . . . . . . . . . . . 151
6 Learn Deliberately 155
6.1 What Learning Is...and Isn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
6.2 Target SMART Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6.3 Create a Pragmatic Investment Plan . . . . . . . . . 164
6.4 Use Your Primary Learning Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 168
6.5 Work Together, Study Together . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
6.6 Use Enhanced Learning Techniques . . . . . . . . . 176
6.7 Read Deliberately with SQ3R . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.8 Visualize Insight with Mind Maps . . . . . . . . . . . 181
6.9 Harness the Real Power of Documenting . . . . . . 188
6.10 Learn by Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
6.11 Take It to the Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
7 Gain Experience 193
7.1 Play in Order to Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
7.2 Leverage Existing Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
7.3 Embed Failing in Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
7.4 Learn About the Inner Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
7.5 Pressure Kills Cognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
7.6 Imagination Overrides Senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
7.7 Learn It like an Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8 Manage Focus 218
8.1 Increase Focus and Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
8.2 Defocus to Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
8.3 Manage Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
8.4 Optimize Your Current Context . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
8.5 Manage Interruptions Deliberately . . . . . . . . . . 241
8.6 Keep a Big Enough Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
8.7 How to Stay Sharp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Report erratum
this copy is (P1.0 printing, October 2008) Prepared exclusively for Edwin Chen
CONTENTS 12
9 Beyond Expertise 253
9.1 Effective Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
9.2 What to Do Tomorrow Morning . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
9.3 Beyond Expertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
A Photo Credits 260
B Bibliography 261
Index 271