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   源码介绍

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package com.example.android.camera2basic;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCaptureSession;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraMetadata;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest;
import android.hardware.camera2.TotalCaptureResult;
import android.hardware.camera2.params.StreamConfigurationMap;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.ImageReader;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.util.Size;
import android.util.SparseIntArray;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Camera2BasicFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener {

    /**
     * Conversion from screen rotation to JPEG orientation.
     */
    private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();

    static {
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
        ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
    }

    /**
     * An {@link AutoFitTextureView} for camera preview.
     */
    private AutoFitTextureView mTextureView;

    /**
     * A {@link CaptureRequest.Builder} for camera preview.
     */
    private CaptureRequest.Builder mPreviewBuilder;

    /**
     * A {@link CameraCaptureSession } for camera preview.
     */
    private CameraCaptureSession mPreviewSession;

    /**
     * A reference to the opened {@link CameraDevice}.
     */
    private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;

    /**
     * {@link TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener} handles several lifecycle events on a
     * {@link TextureView}.
     */
    private TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener mSurfaceTextureListener
            = new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture,
                                              int width, int height) {
            configureTransform(width, height);
            startPreview();
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture,
                                                int width, int height) {
            configureTransform(width, height);
            startPreview();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
        }

    };

    /**
     * The {@link android.util.Size} of camera preview.
     */
    private Size mPreviewSize;

    /**
     * True if the app is currently trying to open camera
     */
    private boolean mOpeningCamera;

    /**
     * {@link CameraDevice.StateListener} is called when {@link CameraDevice} changes its state.
     */
    private CameraDevice.StateListener mStateListener = new CameraDevice.StateListener() {

        @Override
        public void onOpened(CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
            // This method is called when the camera is opened.  We start camera preview here.
            mCameraDevice = cameraDevice;
            startPreview();
            mOpeningCamera = false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
            cameraDevice.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
            mOpeningCamera = false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(CameraDevice cameraDevice, int error) {
            cameraDevice.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
            Activity activity = getActivity();
            if (null != activity) {
                activity.finish();
            }
            mOpeningCamera = false;
        }

    };

    public static Camera2BasicFragment newInstance() {
        Camera2BasicFragment fragment = new Camera2BasicFragment();
        fragment.setRetainInstance(true);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_camera2_basic, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(final View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mTextureView = (AutoFitTextureView) view.findViewById(R.id.texture);
        mTextureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mSurfaceTextureListener);
        view.findViewById(R.id.picture).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.info).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        openCamera();
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (null != mCameraDevice) {
            mCameraDevice.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Opens a {@link CameraDevice}. The result is listened by `mStateListener`.
     */
    private void openCamera() {
        final Activity activity = getActivity();
        if (null == activity || activity.isFinishing() || mOpeningCamera) {
            return;
        }
        mOpeningCamera = true;
        CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        try {
            String cameraId = manager.getCameraIdList()[0];

            // To get a list of available sizes of camera preview, we retrieve an instance of
            // StreamConfigurationMap from CameraCharacteristics
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics = manager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
            StreamConfigurationMap map = characteristics
                    .get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
            mPreviewSize = map.getOutputSizes(SurfaceTexture.class)[0];

            // We fit the aspect ratio of TextureView to the size of preview we picked.
            int orientation = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;
            if (orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
                mTextureView.setAspectRatio(mPreviewSize.getWidth(), mPreviewSize.getHeight());
            } else {
                mTextureView.setAspectRatio(mPreviewSize.getHeight(), mPreviewSize.getWidth());
            }

            // We are opening the camera with a listener. When it is ready, onOpened of
            // mStateListener is called.
            manager.openCamera(cameraId, mStateListener, null);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "Cannot access the camera.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            activity.finish();
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // Currently an NPE is thrown when the Camera2API is used but not supported on the
            // device this code runs.
            new ErrorDialog().show(getFragmentManager(), "dialog");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Starts the camera preview.
     */
    private void startPreview() {
        if (null == mCameraDevice || !mTextureView.isAvailable() || null == mPreviewSize) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            SurfaceTexture texture = mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture();
            assert texture != null;

            // We configure the size of default buffer to be the size of camera preview we want.
            texture.setDefaultBufferSize(mPreviewSize.getWidth(), mPreviewSize.getHeight());

            // This is the output Surface we need to start preview.
            Surface surface = new Surface(texture);

            // We set up a CaptureRequest.Builder with the output Surface.
            mPreviewBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
            mPreviewBuilder.addTarget(surface);

            // Here, we create a CameraCaptureSession for camera preview.
            mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(surface),
                    new CameraCaptureSession.StateListener() {

                        @Override
                        public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                            // When the session is ready, we start displaying the preview.
                            mPreviewSession = cameraCaptureSession;
                            updatePreview();
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                            Activity activity = getActivity();
                            if (null != activity) {
                                Toast.makeText(activity, "Failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        }
                    }, null
            );
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    /**
     * Updates the camera preview. {@link #startPreview()} needs to be called in advance.
     */
    private void updatePreview() {
        if (null == mCameraDevice) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            // The camera preview can be run in a background thread. This is a Handler for camera
            // preview.
            setUpCaptureRequestBuilder(mPreviewBuilder);
            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("CameraPreview");
            thread.start();
            Handler backgroundHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());

            // Finally, we start displaying the camera preview.
            mPreviewSession.setRepeatingRequest(mPreviewBuilder.build(), null, backgroundHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fills in parameters of the {@link CaptureRequest.Builder}.
     *
     * @param builder The builder for a {@link CaptureRequest}
     */
    private void setUpCaptureRequestBuilder(CaptureRequest.Builder builder) {
        // In this sample, we just let the camera device pick the automatic settings.
        builder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_MODE_AUTO);
    }

    /**
     * Configures the necessary {@link android.graphics.Matrix} transformation to `mTextureView`.
     * This method should be called after the camera preview size is determined in openCamera and
     * also the size of `mTextureView` is fixed.
     *
     * @param viewWidth  The width of `mTextureView`
     * @param viewHeight The height of `mTextureView`
     */
    private void configureTransform(int viewWidth, int viewHeight) {
        Activity activity = getActivity();
        if (null == mTextureView || null == mPreviewSize || null == activity) {
            return;
        }
        int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        RectF viewRect = new RectF(0, 0, viewWidth, viewHeight);
        RectF bufferRect = new RectF(0, 0, mPreviewSize.getHeight(), mPreviewSize.getWidth());
        float centerX = viewRect.centerX();
        float centerY = viewRect.centerY();
        if (Surface.ROTATION_90 == rotation || Surface.ROTATION_270 == rotation) {
            bufferRect.offset(centerX - bufferRect.centerX(), centerY - bufferRect.centerY());
            matrix.setRectToRect(viewRect, bufferRect, Matrix.ScaleToFit.FILL);
            float scale = Math.max(
                    (float) viewHeight / mPreviewSize.getHeight(),
                    (float) viewWidth / mPreviewSize.getWidth());
            matrix.postScale(scale, scale, centerX, centerY);
            matrix.postRotate(90 * (rotation - 2), centerX, centerY);
        }
        mTextureView.setTransform(matrix);
    }

    /**
     * Takes a picture.
     */
    private void takePicture() {
        try {
            final Activity activity = getActivity();
            if (null == activity || null == mCameraDevice) {
                return;
            }
            CameraManager manager =
                    (CameraManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);

            // Pick the best JPEG size that can be captured with this CameraDevice.
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics =
                    manager.getCameraCharacteristics(mCameraDevice.getId());
            Size[] jpegSizes = null;
            if (characteristics != null) {
                jpegSizes = characteristics
                        .get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP)
                        .getOutputSizes(ImageFormat.JPEG);
            }
            int width = 640;
            int height = 480;
            if (jpegSizes != null && 0 < jpegSizes.length) {
                width = jpegSizes[0].getWidth();
                height = jpegSizes[0].getHeight();
            }

            // We use an ImageReader to get a JPEG from CameraDevice.
            // Here, we create a new ImageReader and prepare its Surface as an output from camera.
            ImageReader reader = ImageReader.newInstance(width, height, ImageFormat.JPEG, 1);
            List<Surface> outputSurfaces = new ArrayList<Surface>(2);
            outputSurfaces.add(reader.getSurface());
            outputSurfaces.add(new Surface(mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture()));

            // This is the CaptureRequest.Builder that we use to take a picture.
            final CaptureRequest.Builder captureBuilder =
                    mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
            captureBuilder.addTarget(reader.getSurface());
            setUpCaptureRequestBuilder(captureBuilder);

            // Orientation
            int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
            captureBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, ORIENTATIONS.get(rotation));

            // Output file
            final File file = new File(activity.getExternalFilesDir(null), "pic.jpg");

            // This listener is called when a image is ready in ImageReader
            ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener readerListener =
                    new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
                            Image image = null;
                            try {
                                image = reader.acquireLatestImage();
                                ByteBuffer buffer = image.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
                                byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.capacity()];
                                buffer.get(bytes);
                                save(bytes);
                            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            } finally {
                                if (image != null) {
                                    image.close();
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        private void save(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
                            OutputStream output = null;
                            try {
                                output = new FileOutputStream(file);
                                output.write(bytes);
                            } finally {
                                if (null != output) {
                                    output.close();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    };

            // We create a Handler since we want to handle the result JPEG in a background thread
            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("CameraPicture");
            thread.start();
            final Handler backgroundHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
            reader.setOnImageAvailableListener(readerListener, backgroundHandler);

            // This listener is called when the capture is completed.
            // Note that the JPEG data is not available in this listener, but in the
            // ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener we created above.
            final CameraCaptureSession.CaptureListener captureListener =
                    new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureListener() {

                        @Override
                        public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session,
                                                       CaptureRequest request,
                                                       TotalCaptureResult result) {
                            Toast.makeText(activity, "Saved: "   file, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            // We restart the preview when the capture is completed
                            startPreview();
                        }

                    };

            // Finally, we can start a new CameraCaptureSession to take a picture.
            mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(outputSurfaces,
                    new CameraCaptureSession.StateListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession session) {
                            try {
                                session.capture(captureBuilder.build(), captureListener,
                                        backgroundHandler);
                            } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession session) {
                        }
                    }, backgroundHandler
            );
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.picture: {
                takePicture();
                break;
            }
            case R.id.info: {
                Activity activity = getActivity();
                if (null != activity) {
                    new AlertDialog.Builder(activity)
                            .setMessage(R.string.intro_message)
                            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, null)
                            .show();
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    public static class ErrorDialog extends DialogFragment {

        @Override
        public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            final Activity activity = getActivity();
            return new AlertDialog.Builder(activity)
                    .setMessage("This device doesn't support Camera2 API.")
                    .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                            activity.finish();
                        }
                    })
                    .create();
        }

    }

}