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iau 2000 地球自转服务相关库

Table of Contents
Introduction 5
Differences between this Document and IERS Technical Note 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1 General Definitions and Numerical Standards 9
1.1 Permanent Tide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Numerical Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Conventional Celestial Reference System and Frame 14
2.1 The ICRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.1 Equator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.2 Origin of Right Ascension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 The ICRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.1 HIPPARCOS Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2 Availability of the Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Conventional Dynamical Realization of the ICRS 19
4 Conventional Terrestrial Reference System and Frame 21
4.1 Concepts and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1.1 Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1.2 TRF in Space Geodesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.3 Crust-based TRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.4 The International Terrestrial Reference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.5 Realizations of the ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2 ITRF Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.1 The IERS Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.2 History of ITRF Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2.3 ITRF2000, the Current Reference Realization of the ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2.4 Expression in ITRS using ITRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2.5 Transformation Parameters between ITRF Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 Access to the ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5 Transformation Between the Celestial and Terrestrial Systems 33
5.1 The Framework of IAU 2000 Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.2 Implementation of IAU 2000 Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.3 Coordinate Transformation consistent with the IAU 2000 Resolutions . . . . . . . . . 35
5.4 Parameters to be used in the Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4.1 Schematic Representation of the Motion of the CIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4.2 Motion of the CIP in the ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.3 Position of the TEO in the ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4.4 Earth Rotation Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4.5 Motion of the CIP in the GCRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.4.6 Position of the CEO in the GCRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.5 IAU 2000A and IAU 2000B Precession-Nutation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.5.1 Description of the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.5.2 Precession Developments compatible with the IAU2000 Model . . . . . . . . . 45
5.6 Procedure to be used for the Transformation consistent with IAU 2000 Resolutions . . 45
5.7 Expression of Greenwich Sidereal Time referred to the CEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.8 The Fundamental Arguments of Nutation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.8.1 The Multipliers of the Fundamental Arguments of Nutation Theory . . . . . . 47
5.8.2 Development of the Arguments of Lunisolar Nutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
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5.8.3 Development of the Arguments for the Planetary Nutation . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.9 Prograde and Retrograde Nutation Amplitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.10 Procedures and IERS Routines for Transformations from ITRS to GCRS . . . . . . . 50
5.11 Notes on the new Procedure to Transform from ICRS to ITRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6 Geopotential 57
6.1 Effect of Solid Earth Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.2 Solid Earth Pole Tide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.3 Treatment of the Permanent Tide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.4 Effect of the Ocean Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.5 Conversion of Tidal Amplitudes defined according to Different Conventions . . . . . . 69
7 Displacement of Reference Points 72
7.1 Displacement of Reference Markers on the Crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
7.1.1 Local Site Displacement due to Ocean Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
7.1.2 Effects of the Solid Earth Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.1.3 Permanent deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.1.4 Rotational Deformation due to Polar Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.1.5 Atmospheric Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
7.2 Displacement of Reference Points of Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.2.1 VLBI Antenna Thermal Deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
8 Tidal Variations in the Earth’s Rotation 92
9 Tropospheric Model 99
9.1 Optical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
9.2 Radio Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
10 General Relativistic Models for Space-time Coordinates and Equations of Motion104
10.1 Time Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
10.2 Equations of Motion for an Artificial Earth Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
10.3 Equations of Motion in the Barycentric Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
11 General Relativistic Models for Propagation 109
11.1 VLBI Time Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
11.1.1 Historical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
11.1.2 Specifications and Domain of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
11.1.3 The Analysis of VLBI Measurements: Definitions and Interpretation of Results 110
11.1.4 The VLBI Delay Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
11.2 Laser Ranging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
A IAU Resolutions Adopted at the XXIVth General Assembly 117
A.1 Resolution B1.1: Maintenance and Establishment of Reference Frames and Systems . 117
A.2 Resolution B1.2: Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
A.3 Resolution B1.3: Definition of BCRS and GCRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
A.4 Resolution B1.4: Post-Newtonian Potential Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
A.5 Resolution B1.5: Extended Relativistic Framework for Time Transformations . . . . . . 121
A.6 Resolution B1.6: IAU 2000 Precession-Nutation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
A.7 Resolution B1.7: Definition of Celestial Intermediate Pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
A.8 Resolution B1.8: Definition and use of Celestial and Terrestrial Ephemeris Origin . . . 124
A.9 Resolution B1.9: Re-definition of Terrestrial Time TT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
A.10 Resolution B2: Coordinated Universal Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
B Glossary 127