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   源码介绍

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蓝牙开发书籍，包含HCI socket、 L2CAP socket等接口介绍

【目录】

Table of Contents
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................vi
1. About this book.............................................................................................................................vi
2. Audience .......................................................................................................................................vi
3. Organization of This Book............................................................................................................vi
4. Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................vi
4.1. Albert’s acknowledgments ............................................................................................. vii
4.2. Larry’s acknowledgments............................................................................................... vii
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Understanding Bluetooth as a software developer......................................................................1
1.2. Bluetooth Programming Concepts..............................................................................................2
1.2.1. Choosing a communication partner................................................................................2
1.2.2. Choosing a transport protocol ........................................................................................4
1.2.3. Port numbers and the Service Discovery Protocol .........................................................6
1.2.4. Communicating using sockets......................................................................................10
1.3. Useful things to know about Bluetooth.....................................................................................12
1.3.1. Communications range.................................................................................................12
1.3.2. Communications Speed................................................................................................13
1.3.3. Radio Frequencies and Channel Hopping ....................................................................13
1.3.4. Bluetooth networks - piconets, scatternets, masters, and slaves...................................14
1.3.5. Bluetooth Profiles   RFCs............................................................................................15
2. Bluetooth programming with Python - PyBluez...............................................................................17
2.1. Choosing a communication partner ..........................................................................................17
2.2. Communicating with RFCOMM ..............................................................................................18
2.3. Communicating with L2CAP....................................................................................................20
2.3.1. Maximum Transmission Unit.......................................................................................21
2.3.2. Best-effort transmission................................................................................................22
2.4. Service Discovery Protocol.......................................................................................................22
2.4.1. Dynamically allocating port numbers ..........................................................................24
2.4.2. Advertising a service ....................................................................................................24
2.4.3. Searching for and browsing services............................................................................26
2.5. Advanced usage ........................................................................................................................27
2.5.1. Asynchronous socket programming with select.......................................................27
2.5.2. Asynchronous device discovery ...................................................................................28
2.5.3. The _bluetooth module ............................................................................................29
3. C programming with libbluetooth ................................................................................................32
3.1. Choosing a communication partner ..........................................................................................32
3.1.1. Compiling the example.................................................................................................33
3.1.2. Representing Bluetooth addresses................................................................................33
3.1.3. Choosing a local Bluetooth adapter..............................................................................34
3.1.4. Scanning for nearby devices.........................................................................................34
3.1.5. Determining the user-friendly name of a nearby device ..............................................35
3.1.6. Error handling...............................................................................................................36
3.2. RFCOMM sockets ....................................................................................................................36
3.2.1. Addressing structures ...................................................................................................39
3.2.2. Establishing a connection.............................................................................................39
iii
3.2.3. Using a connected socket .............................................................................................40
3.3. L2CAP sockets..........................................................................................................................41
3.3.1. Byte ordering................................................................................................................43
3.3.2. Maximum Transmission Unit.......................................................................................44
3.4. Service Discovery Protocol.......................................................................................................44
3.4.1. Dynamically assigned port numbers ............................................................................45
3.4.2. SDP data structures.......................................................................................................45
3.4.3. Advertising a service ....................................................................................................47
3.4.4. Searching and browsing for a service...........................................................................51
3.5. Advanced BlueZ programming.................................................................................................56
3.5.1. Asynchronous socket programming with select.......................................................56
3.5.2. HCI sockets ..................................................................................................................56
3.5.3. L2CAP Best-effort transmission ..................................................................................57
3.5.4. SCO audio sockets........................................................................................................60
4. Bluetooth development tools...............................................................................................................61
4.1. hciconfig ...............................................................................................................................61
4.2. hcitool....................................................................................................................................64
4.3. sdptool....................................................................................................................................65
4.4. hcidump....................................................................................................................................67
4.5. l2ping......................................................................................................................................68
4.6. rfcomm......................................................................................................................................69
4.7. uuidgen....................................................................................................................................70
4.8. Obtaining BlueZ and PyBluez ..................................................................................................70
5. Microsoft Windows..............................................................................................................................71
5.1. Programming with the Microsoft Bluetooth API......................................................................71
5.1.1. Header files and linked libraries...................................................................................72
5.1.2. Initializing the Windows Sockets API..........................................................................72
5.1.3. Error checking ..............................................................................................................72
5.1.4. Data structures..............................................................................................................73
5.2. Choosing a remote device .........................................................................................................74
5.2.1. Representing Bluetooth addresses as strings................................................................77
5.3. RFCOMM sockets ....................................................................................................................78
5.4. Service Discovery Protocol.......................................................................................................83
5.4.1. Advertising a service ....................................................................................................83
5.4.2. Searching for services...................................................................................................84
6. Other platforms and programming languages .................................................................................86
6.1. Symbian OS / Nokia Series 60..................................................................................................86
6.1.1. Capabilities and Limitations.........................................................................................87
6.1.2. Choosing a device.........................................................................................................87
6.1.3. Bluetooth sockets..........................................................................................................88
6.2. OS X..........................................................................................................................................90
6.3. Java - JSR 82.............................................................................................................................91
6.3.1. Choosing a device.........................................................................................................92
6.3.2. RFCOMM.....................................................................................................................92
6.3.3. OBEX ...........................................................................................................................92
iv
List of Tables
1-1. A comparison of the requirements that would lead us to choose certain protocols. Best-effort streams
communication is not shown because it reduces to best-effort datagram communication. ...............5
1-2. Port numbers and their terminology for various protocols...................................................................6
1-3. The three Bluetooth power classes.....................................................................................................12
2-1. select events....................................................................................................................................28
4-1. Inquiry Scan and Page Scan ...............................................................................................................63

#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
#include <bluetooth/hci.h>
#include <bluetooth/hci_lib.h>
int set_flush_timeout(bdaddr_t *ba, int timeout)
{
int err = 0, dd;
struct hci_conn_info_req *cr = 0;
struct hci_request rq = { 0 };
struct {
uint16_t handle;
uint16_t flush_timeout;
} cmd_param;
struct {
uint8_t status;
uint16_t handle;
} cmd_response;
// find the connection handle to the specified bluetooth device
cr = (struct hci_conn_info_req*) malloc(
sizeof(struct hci_conn_info_req)
sizeof(struct hci_conn_info));
bacpy( &cr->bdaddr, ba );
cr->type = ACL_LINK;
dd = hci_open_dev( hci_get_route( &cr->bdaddr ) );
if( dd < 0 ) {
err = dd;
goto cleanup;
}

err = ioctl(dd, HCIGETCONNINFO, (unsigned long) cr );
if( err ) goto cleanup;
// build a command packet to send to the bluetooth microcontroller
cmd_param.handle = cr->conn_info->handle;
cmd_param.flush_timeout = htobs(timeout);
rq.ogf = OGF_HOST_CTL;
rq.ocf = 0x28;
rq.cparam = &cmd_param;
rq.clen = sizeof(cmd_param);
rq.rparam = &cmd_response;
rq.rlen = sizeof(cmd_response);
rq.event = EVT_CMD_COMPLETE;
// send the command and wait for the response
err = hci_send_req( dd, &rq, 0 );
if( err ) goto cleanup;
if( cmd_response.status ) {
err = -1;
errno = bt_error(cmd_response.status);
}
cleanup:
free(cr);
if( dd >= 0) close(dd);
return err;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
bdaddr_t target;
int timeout;
if( argc < 3 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: set-flush-to <addr> <timeout>\n");
exit(2);
}
str2ba( argv[1], &target );
timeout = atoi( argv[2] );
return set_flush_timeout( &target, timeout );
}