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C进阶必备资料

目	 	 录
目    录............................................................................................................................................1
1 概述.......................................................................................................................................3
1.1 目的.......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 适用项目............................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 阅读对象............................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 格式说明............................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 内容简介............................................................................................................................... 4
2 程序版式 ...............................................................................................................................5
2.1 长行拆分............................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 缩进和对齐...........................................................................................................................5
2.3 空格的使用...........................................................................................................................6
2.4 空行的使用...........................................................................................................................8
2.5 指针和引用表达式...............................................................................................................8
2.6 函数声明与定义...................................................................................................................9
2.7 函数返回值.........................................................................................................................10
2.8 IF 条件语句...............................................................................................................................10
2.9 SWITCH 开关选择语句...............................................................................................................11
2.10 循环语句.............................................................................................................................12
2.11 预处理指令.........................................................................................................................12
3 命名约定 .............................................................................................................................14
3.1 命名的整体原则.................................................................................................................14
3.2 文件命名.............................................................................................................................15
3.3 共用体的命名.....................................................................................................................15
3.4 结构体的命名.....................................................................................................................16
3.5 枚举命名.............................................................................................................................16
3.6 函数命名.............................................................................................................................16
3.7 变量命名.............................................................................................................................17
4 注释风格 .............................................................................................................................18
4.1 注释的整体原则.................................................................................................................18
4.2 文件头注释.........................................................................................................................21
4.3 函数注释.............................................................................................................................22
4.4 变量注释.............................................................................................................................24
4.5 实现注释（IMPLEMENTATION COMMENTS）............................................................................24
4.6 TODO 注释...............................................................................................................................25
5 头文件 .................................................................................................................................26
5.1 #INCLUDE 指令 ...........................................................................................................................26
5.2 #DEFINE 保护 .............................................................................................................................26
5.3 头文件依赖.........................................................................................................................27
5.4 包含文件的名称及次序.....................................................................................................27
5.5 只声明而不定义.................................................................................................................28
6 健壮性与容错性 ..................................................................................................................30
6.1 编译.....................................................................................................................................30
6.2 扇入和扇出.........................................................................................................................30
6.3 圈复杂度.............................................................................................................................30
6.4 无效代码.............................................................................................................................31
6.5 函数.....................................................................................................................................33
6.6 变量.....................................................................................................................................35
6.7 标识符的唯一性.................................................................................................................36
6.8 数组.....................................................................................................................................37
6.9 类型与表达式.....................................................................................................................38
6.10 指针.....................................................................................................................................40
6.11 代码安全.............................................................................................................................40
6.12 防御式编程.........................................................................................................................42